The Betty Blocks Guide to Citizen Development

Let’s dissect the term citizen development. First, the word ‘development’: When we talk about application development, we usually think of apps being built by experienced developers. Traditionally, this is the case, and experienced developers are still essential for effective citizen development.

However, with the rising demand for software and the shortage of experienced developers, we need to find more developers – that’s where the word ‘citizen’ comes in. ‘Citizen’ simply means someone who is not an experienced professional in the discipline in question – in this case, application development. So, citizen development not only expands your pool of developers, it also brings other insights and expertise into the software development process.

Put simply, a citizen developer is an employee who creates application capabilities for consumption by themselves or others, using tools that are not actively forbidden by IT or business units as defined by Gartner.

From time to time we encounter the concern that citizen developers will one day replace experienced, professional developers. This is simply not the case. As I mentioned above, experienced and professional developers are still absolutely critical for successful citizen development strategies. For example, as we’ll discuss later, a key role of experienced developers is to provide governance, ensuring organizations avoid shadow IT whereas citizen developers are empowered business users who engage in the app development even though they lack traditional coding skills.

The Problem solvers:

You wouldn’t hire a citizen developer – not yet, at least. Rather, enterprise organizations look within their own workforce to find their citizen developers. Potential citizen developers usually have a role within the business side of an organization, for example, they could be in sales, HR, or customer service. Often, potential citizen developers will already be known in a company – they’re natural problem solvers who go above and beyond to improve their department and the organization as a whole. They're business users with the expertise of their business domain.

The Tech-savvy:

As far as technical skills go, many citizen developers have some basic knowledge of programming, but it certainly isn’t essential. As senior Forrester analyst, John Bratencevic, says, “Attitude is more important than ability.” People with the right attitude can bring invaluable knowledge to the development process; they’re often much closer to products, processes, and customers than IT professionals, and welcoming their insight can lead to much more effective solutions.

Forrester asked non-professional developers why they spend their own time developing applications and websites. Some of the most common responses included: “I generally enjoy programming and learning about new technologies;” “As part of a personal hobby or pastime;” and “To add innovative solutions into my daily life.” At their core, citizen developers are highly self-motivated individuals who proactively seek opportunities to innovate and get involved in the software development life cycle (SDLC).

Potential citizen developers embrace technology in their day-to-day lives. To identify such individuals within the organizations, look for the ones who are able to work with complex spreadsheets. They could make for a perfect citizen developer.

Equipped with no- or low-code technology, citizen developers can build web, mobile, and back-office applications. Check out the Betty Blocks App Gallery for examples of applications built with citizen development. In the below image, Forrester digs deeper to identify some of the most popular citizen developer use cases (How To Harness Citizen Developers To Expand Your AD&D Capacity, Forrester Research, Inc., April 19, 2017).

Agility
Citizen developers support your organization’s ability to react when there is a need for change by helping to drive digital transformation. They can contribute to applications that automate processes and fully digitize systems.

Speed

Businesses have an ongoing demand for applications and need solutions now. By using a no-code or low-code development platform, citizen developers can build solutions rapidly, easily, and effectively using drag and drop interfaces. Development lifecycles that once took months now take weeks or even days which results in much lower cost due to a quicker development time frame. Powerful applications can be built at the speed business leaders desire and without creating IT bottlenecks.

Better alignment between business and IT
Citizen developers align business and IT by bridging the gap between the differing interests. They combine business acumen with citizen development tools to develop applications under the full governance of IT.

Meet the growing need for apps

IT with its limited resources is unable to meet the demand for new apps, and therefore they have a huge app backlog. By empowering citizen developers, businesses can take some pressure off the IT, so experienced developers can focus on complex projects whereas business users can build applications to solve business problems and improve operational efficiency.

Continuous improvement
Citizen developers will only become more valuable as their skills expand over time. The more experience (and more tools) they gain, the more their development skills will expand to deliver greater business value.

Improve Business & IT productivity

With the use of the right low-code platform, business users can build new apps that they need which results in becoming more efficient in their jobs. Moreover, it decreases the operating costs of the business and reduces the IT backlog. This increases the overall productivity of the organization.

Innovation
Citizen developers ignite the spark of innovation. Organizations often rely on their IT team or external software providers when they have a need for a new product, but with IT teams bogged down maintaining existing systems there isn’t always room to innovate. No-code and low-code tools enable citizen developers to explore new solutions and business models to better serve their own needs and the needs of their customers.

One of the most significant citizen development benefits has to do with the fact that business-side employees have always found ways to create their own solutions – and will continue to do so – with or without IT’s knowledge and oversight. Examples include spreadsheets, templates, shared folders, and even basic applications. This is known as shadow IT.

Citizen developers are already technologically savvy and self-motivated learners by nature. It’s what makes them citizen developers in the first place. But that doesn’t mean that they don’t need guidance. Training and mentoring helps citizen developers gain new skill sets, more confidence, and learn new working techniques. The more professional development and guidance you can afford your citizen developers, the better equipped they will be to align with IT’s expertise and the goals of the organization.

IT departments can actively collaborate with citizen developers by, for example, delegating administrative and reporting apps. IT departments should also be actively involved in overseeing citizen developer projects to eliminate the risk of shadow IT. While this promotes security and control, citizen developers can also learn from IT by working on projects led by traditional developers.

In order for a citizen development strategy to live up to its full potential, CIOs and IT managers need to promote the movement throughout the entire organization. This ensures that the culture of the organization as a whole is supportive of the citizen development strategy. Continued support on an organization level is also essential because there is no endpoint to innovation or rapid application development projects.

A successful citizen development strategy leaves room for continued adaptation and improvement, throughout the whole software development life cycle of digital transformation. Citizen development enables large enterprise organizations to be more flexible and agile.

As long as IT governance is both strong and adaptive, organizations can quickly adapt to any changes that come their way and respond to new opportunities for growth.

Business Users

Business users should never be handed the tools and set loose to overrun the IT landscape within a company. They need formal policies in order to contribute to the full IT ecosystem. With the proper governance, business users can and will become an integral ingredient to a successful and efficient IT strategy.

The best way to leverage the citizen development movement is with fusion teams. Fusion teams are multi-disciplined or cross-functional teams that combine low-code technology and business domain expertise and have shared business goals, as defined by Gartner. Following are three steps for getting the fusion team off to a successful start.

1. Identify or assemble the team:

The first step to identifying the organization's fusion team and acknowledging them as new technology allies. If the organization does not have a fusion team,  it can be assembled with people working in the organization who are the perfect fit. The team that works best combines the expertise of professional developers, business-led developers, and citizen developers.

2. Equip fusion teams with IT support and guidance:

After successful formation of fusion teams, position IT leadership as a source of knowledge and guidance for them. IT feedback is crucial to helping fusion teams understand what makes a good app and how new platforms can (or cannot) integrate into an existing system. Coach them through decision-making processes that will lead to architecturally sound, value-adding applications. Facilitate situations that enable them to learn hands-on and immediately begin addressing real-world problems.

3. Give fusion teams autonomy:

As a final step, ensure that fusion teams work independently which helps to spark creativity and free flow of ideas. Fusion teams will need to test their business applications and continuously make improvements, while IT can maintain governance and ensure new applications meet the security standards.

Personas in citizen development

A citizen developer is a persona, not a title or targeted role. Within the IT low-code framework, IT creates a low-code citizen development toolbox to be used by pro-coder, low-coder, and citizen developer which is governed by the corporate IT. Pro-coder's ensures the work of other two roles of developers run smoothly by removing any obstacles they face in the development process, no-coders build apps on a day-to-day basis and citizen developers make small adjustments to the existing applications within their business domain.

One of the big concerns of citizen development relates to how it will work in the software development life cycle (SDLC). IT wants to ensure that applications built adhere to guidelines and security objectives. Depending on the project and complexity, the following three paths explain how governance of citizen development can be implemented.

1. The Fast Track: 

With the citizen developers playing the key role, this path is characterized by light-touch governance and therefore the development team opts for it when projects are less risky and have low technical complexity. The main emphasis is on iterative ideation, design, build, and deployment with continuous business feedback loops.

2. The Assisted Path:

For the projects that fall under medium complexity and low risk after the initial assessment, the assisted path is the most suitable choice. The main role is performed by no-coder while citizen developers can solicit the support of the competency center and the practitioners therein. This allows the citizen developer to progress relatively quickly without extensive IT engagement. The team builds the minimum viable product(MVP) and with the assistance of technical experts, the application is completed.

3. The IT Path:

With the pro-coder playing the central role, projects with medium or high risk and high complexity must follow the IT path. However, a citizen developer can still be the lead application developer in this scenario. The citizen developer utilizes IT policies, standards, and resource support to ensure that the application is delivered into the business appropriately.

In short, the key to implementing citizen development is to start small by initially automating paper-based and spread-sheet-based processes. These processes may not seem the most crucial part of the business but they will enable you to demonstrate value and provide a foundation for scaling. 

Once all the elements of citizen development are in place, organizations can look further to scale it. Relatively fewer companies have entered this stage owing to the fact that it is a fairly new concept. However, it's important to understand what to expect once the company is past the discovery, experimentation, and adoption phase.

Based on the initial pilot, identify further use cases and determine changes that need to be made to the applications which were built previously. This will help to improve the development process and products.

After this, seek the support of the entire organization by showing concrete results of citizen development efforts which will gradually change the way people think about software development. Create a community around citizen development to encourage people to share knowledge which helps further to democratize app development.

Finally, measure the success of active citizen development initiatives by keeping track of the impact it makes on the business. Eventually, by nurturing this citizen development flame, businesses can arrive at a self-sufficient stage where IT can focus on higher initiatives.  

Many companies have implemented citizen development initiatives successfully and many more now realize it is the only way to keep pace with today's economy.

Is your organization ready for citizen developers?

Take a look at our Meet Your Citizen Developer whitepaper for tips on finding and empowering citizen developers as well as how to integrate them into your IT strategy. Betty Blocks is recognized as one of the leaders in the citizen development movement, our citizen developer program is best in class. Using Betty Blocks you can build advanced business applications without needing a software developer. Betty Blocks has an easy-to-use drag and drop interface that helps any company to boost productivity.